Screen shake
Also said as Camera shake, Trauma
The camera jolts when something big happens. Good shake is driven by a "trauma" value that decays, with the offset following trauma squared, so small hits stay small.
It spreads a single impact across the whole screen. Overused, it just makes everything unreadable and can make people feel sick, so provide a setting to reduce it.
Say it
“Add camera shake on heavy hits with a trauma model: decaying trauma, offset equal to trauma squared, smooth noise instead of random jumps. Offer a slider to reduce it.”
Where you’ve seen it
Vlambeer's Nuclear Throne shakes on almost every shot, and Jan Willem Nijman's talk The Art of Screenshake made the technique famous.
Not to be confused with hit stop
Hit stop stops time. Shake moves the camera. They work together: freeze first, then shake.